What must a pilot see to proceed below MDA/DH?

To safely proceed below the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA) or Decision Height (DH), a pilot must visually acquire certain critical elements of the runway environment. This includes seeing the approach lights, threshold markings, and other aspects that indicate the runway is in sight.

When a pilot can see the approach lights, it means they are transitioning from instrument references to visual references, signaling that they are in a position to safely land the aircraft. Similarly, seeing threshold markings provides information about the location of the runway and assists in aligning the aircraft for a proper approach. All of these visual cues contribute to establishing situational awareness and ensuring that the conditions for a safe landing are present.

By requiring pilots to acquire all of these visual cues, safety is enhanced as they confirm they are adequately lined up with the runway and are aware of the environment prior to committing to land.